Intermediate
60 mins
Teacher/Student led
+65 XP

VAT, Percentages, Currency Formatting

In this lesson, you will format currency in euro with two decimal places and avoid common percentage errors. You will create a VAT calculator for your project using at least five items.

Teacher Class Feed

Load previous activity

    1 - Introduction ~5 mins

    Welcome

    If your Something Real project sells anything, hires a venue, or buys materials, the price on the shelf is rarely the full story. In Ireland, Value-Added Tax (VAT) sits on top of many net prices, and a spreadsheet that cannot handle euro formatting or percentage rates will give you the wrong total every time.

    Today you will build a clean net-to-gross VAT calculator: proper euro currency, a rate that really means 23% (not 2300%), and formulas that update the moment a net price changes.

    By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

    • Format currency in euro with two decimal places
    • Avoid the 0.23 versus 23% percentage trap
    • Build a net-to-gross VAT calculator with at least five Irish-rate items

    Warm-up

    Today's class working rate is Ireland's standard VAT rate of 23% (confirm with your teacher if they want you to check Revenue or Citizens Information first). In your head: if a net price is €10.00 and VAT is 23%, is the VAT amount €2.30 or €23.00? How would you write that rate in a spreadsheet cell so the formula gets it right?

    2 - Key Concepts ~6 mins

    These five ideas stop the sheet lying to your budget. Your teacher will walk the rows; you will use every one in the build that follows.

    ConceptWhy it mattersExample
    Net price — the amount before VAT is addedSuppliers and invoices often quote net; if you treat net as gross you under-charge or under-budgetA Centra stock order lists 24 multipacks at a net unit price; VAT is calculated on top for the full bill
    VAT (Value-Added Tax) — a tax added to many goods and services sold in IrelandYour Something Real budget is wrong if VAT is missing or applied at the wrong rateCustom stickers sold at a school fair may need standard-rate VAT on top of the net craft cost
    Gross price — net plus VAT; what the customer usually paysPitch decks, enterprise sheets, and Work Experience costings need the real out-the-door figureNet €10.00 at 23% VAT becomes gross €12.30
    The percentage trap — typing 23 then formatting as % turns the value into 2300%One wrong rate multiplies every row and quietly wrecks a whole budgetType 0.23 then format as percentage, or type 23% including the % sign so the cell stores 0.23
    Currency format (€) — displays numbers with the euro symbol and two decimal placesReaders trust a sheet that looks like money; 12 vs €12.00 is not the same professional signalFormat the Net, VAT, and Gross columns as euro currency so every total reads cleanly

    Build-along snapshot

    Tip

    Keep this five-item sticker-and-print example beside you while you work in the next step. VAT rate is 23% on every row. VAT amount uses =B2*C2. Gross uses =B2+D2.

    ItemNet (€)VAT rateVAT (€)Gross (€)
    Vinyl sticker pack12.0023%2.7614.76
    Shipping labels (100)8.5023%1.9610.46
    A4 card stock pack15.0023%3.4518.45
    Ink cartridge22.0023%5.0627.06
    Table display stand35.0023%8.0543.05
    Note

    Note: Before you apply Currency format, a raw formula such as 8.50 × 0.23 may show as 1.955 (and gross as 10.455). That is fine. Currency format then displays €1.96 and €10.46. Change any net price and both VAT and gross should recalculate automatically.

    3 - Step-by-step Task ~20 mins

    Build the worked-example VAT calculator for a small sticker-and-print side hustle. Use the five items from the Key concepts snapshot. Save this practice file as {{code:sm3_vat_calc_practice}} (Excel Online adds {{code:.xlsx}}). When you finish, every money column should show euro currency and every rate should display as 23% while storing 0.23. You will create a separate project file in Independent practice.

    4 - Common Issues ~4 mins

    Common Issues

    IssueSolution
    My VAT rate shows 2300% instead of 23%You typed 23 then applied percentage format. Clear the cell, type 0.23 (or type 23% including the % sign), then apply percentage format only if you used 0.23.
    Only C2 has a rate; C3:C6 are blankFormatting a range does not fill empty cells. Click C2 only, drag the fill handle down to C6 so 0.23 copies, then select C2:C6 and apply Percentage.
    VAT amounts look right but have many decimal placesSelect the VAT and Gross columns and apply Currency (euro) with two decimal places. The formula can still be exact underneath; the display rounds for reading (for example 1.955 becomes €1.96).
    Currency shows $ or £ instead of €Re-open the number format or custom currency picker and choose Euro. School accounts sometimes default to another currency.
    Autofill copied the same VAT number on every rowCheck the formula is {{formula:=B2*C2}} not a fixed value. If you pasted values only, delete column D and enter the formula again, then refill.
    I cannot find my practice or project fileGo to {{code:Project_Portfolio}} → {{code:09_specialism}} → {{code:sm3}}. Practice is {{code:sm3_vat_calc_practice}} (Excel Online: {{code:sm3_vat_calc_practice.xlsx}}). The project file you bank is {{code:sm3_vat_calc}} (Excel Online: {{code:sm3_vat_calc.xlsx}}). Online apps save in the folder where you created the file, not in Downloads.

    5 - Independent Practice ~15 mins

    Independent Practice

    Your goal: Build a net-to-gross VAT calculator for real costs from your Something Real project so your budget shows euro amounts a supervisor or customer would recognise.
    Time: ~15 minutes
    Task: Keep {{code:sm3_vat_calc_practice}} open as your reference. In {{code:Project_Portfolio}} → {{code:09_specialism/sm3}}, create a new spreadsheet named {{code:sm3_vat_calc.xlsx}} (Excel Online) or {{code:sm3_vat_calc}} (Google Sheets). This project file is the SM3 portfolio evidence your teacher will collect. List at least five real or planned costs from your Something Real project (materials, print, venue, kit, travel, stock). If your list is not ready yet, use these temporary enterprise costs and swap in real ones later: poster print, packing tape, venue deposit, transport day ticket, craft pack. Use the same column layout as the worked example: Item, Net (€), VAT rate, VAT (€), Gross (€). Apply the class standard VAT rate correctly, write formulas for VAT and gross, and format money columns as euro currency.

    Repeat the pattern:
    1. Type the rate as 0.23, fill the column, then format as %
    2. VAT formula: net × rate (for example {{formula:=B2*C2}})
    3. Gross formula: net + VAT (for example {{formula:=B2+D2}})
    4. Euro currency on Net, then on VAT and Gross
    5. Change one net price and check the row updates
    Success criteria:
    • {{code:sm3_vat_calc.xlsx}} (Excel) or {{code:sm3_vat_calc}} (Sheets) sits in {{code:09_specialism/sm3}} with at least five project-specific items (practice file left separate)
    • VAT rates display as a percentage (for example 23%) and formulas calculate VAT and gross automatically
    • Net, VAT, and Gross columns show euro currency with two decimal places
    • Changing one net price updates that row's VAT and gross without rewriting formulas
    123learn · Online learning platform

    Unlock the full learning experience

    You're previewing this lesson. Get full access to this lesson and hundreds more — each one ready to teach, with interactive activities, printable resources and pupil progress tracking built in.

    Hundreds of curriculum-aligned lessons
    Interactive activities in every lesson
    Printable resources & progress tracking
    Copyright Notice
    This lesson is copyright of Coding Ireland 2017 - 2025. Unauthorised use, copying or distribution is not allowed.
    🍪 Our website uses cookies to make your browsing experience better. By using our website you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more