Mathematics
Advanced
50 mins
Teacher/Student led
+65 XP
What you need:
IWB/Projector/Large Screen
Compass
Protractor

Construction: Triangles from Sides, Bisecting Lines and Angles

Learn to construct triangles from three given side lengths and bisect lines and angles exactly using only a compass and ruler. Discover how arcs create precise crossing points.

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    1 - Getting Started ~4 mins

    Illustration for Getting Started

    Key point

    Imagine I ask you to draw a triangle whose sides are exactly 5 cm, 7 cm and 6 cm. Could you draw it exactly, with no guessing and no eyeballing, so that every side comes out the right length? The tricky part is getting all three sides right at the same time.

    2 - Watch and Notice ~9 mins

    Watch three constructions built with a compass and ruler only. In the first, we draw the longest side. Then we swing an arc from each end. Where the two arcs cross is the third corner. In the second, we cut a line exactly in half. In the third, we cut an angle exactly in half. Watch where each arc crosses, because those crossing points are what make the construction exact.

    3 - Try It Together ~9 mins

    Now let us build the triangle together. Watch it appear on the board first: draw the 7 cm base, swing the 5 cm arc from one end and the 6 cm arc from the other, then mark the crossing point. Once you have watched it on the board, build the same triangle (sides 5 cm, 7 cm and 6 cm) at your desk.

    Key point

    Keep the compass point pressed firmly on the dot so it does not move. Do not change the width once it is set. Swing only the pencil-arm to trace each arc.

    Build it together: construct the triangle

    4 - Construct the Triangle in Your Copy ~3 mins

    COPYBOOK MOMENT

    In your maths copy, construct a triangle with sides 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm using your compass and ruler only — no protractor, pure construction. Mark each arc lightly with the compass and circle the third vertex where the arcs meet. Underneath, write: this is a right-angled triangle. The reason (6² + 8² = 100 = 10²) is a next-year idea, so you do not need to work it out today.

    5 - Class Challenge ~10 mins

    Key point

    Now we construct these on the board, one at a time, and every pupil builds the same one on paper. We check each one before moving on:

    • a scalene triangle (all three sides different) — sides 4 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm
    • bisect a 14 cm line — each half should be 7 cm
    • bisect a 90° angle — then check with a protractor that each half really is 45°

    Fast finishers who are watching the board: construct an equilateral triangle with side 8 cm (all three sides equal) and predict its three angles before we measure them.

    Construct and check

    Pupil practice
    Module 6 · 2D and 3D Shape, Angles, Symmetry Shape & Space
    Lesson 80 · Construction: Triangles from Sides, Bisecting Lines and Angles
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