Welcome to Basic Digital Skills, a course to build essential computer and device skills for school and everyday use. You'll cover powering on your device, navigating the desktop, file management, safe browsing, email basics, and common apps like word processors and spreadsheets. These skills support schoolwork, job applications, online banking, checking Met.ie, and staying connected.

Digital tools are part of daily life in Ireland – from school tasks to planning around the weather. Starting with the basics builds confidence and avoids frustration.

Devices vary by design and purpose. Knowing the type helps you understand its features and limitations. Here are the main categories:

• Desktop computer: Fixed setup with a separate monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit (tower). It connects to mains power. Strengths: High performance for tasks like video editing, managing documents, or online banking; easy to upgrade parts. Common in homes or offices. Usually runs Windows, macOS (iMac), or Linux.
• Laptop: All-in-one portable unit with a hinged screen, built-in keyboard, touchpad, and battery. Strengths: Mobile for work, appointments, or travel; decent power for most tasks. Charge via USB-C or barrel plug. Runs Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, or Linux.
• Tablet: Slim touch-screen device, e.g., iPad or Android tablet. No physical keyboard (uses on-screen or attachable). Strengths: Lightweight for reading documents, note-taking apps, browsing; long battery life. Best for media consumption and simple apps. Runs iPadOS or Android.
• Smartphone: Compact touch-screen for pocket carry, e.g., iPhone or Android phone. Strengths: Always available for calls, messaging, quick searches, apps; cameras and GPS built-in. Limited screen size for heavy work. Runs iOS or Android.

Hardware refers to the physical components of your device that you can see and touch. Familiarising yourself with these will help you troubleshoot issues and connect peripherals later. Focus on these core parts:

• Screen/Display: Shows all content, apps, and websites. On laptops and tablets, it's the lid; on desktops, a separate monitor.
• Keyboard: Used for typing text, commands, and shortcuts. Laptops and desktops have physical keys; tablets and phones use on-screen versions.
• Mouse or Touchpad: Controls the cursor for clicking and scrolling. Desktops use an external mouse; laptops have a touchpad below the keyboard. Alternative: Use Tab to navigate and Enter to select.
• Ports: Connection points for chargers, USB drives, headphones, or external displays. Common types: USB-A (rectangular), USB-C (oval, versatile), HDMI (trapezoid for screens), headphone jack (3.5mm).
• Power button/indicator: Turns the device on/off; often lights up when charging or running.
• Webcam and speakers: Webcam at top of screen for video calls; speakers for audio (grilles on sides/bottom).

Follow these steps to power your device on and off safely. This prevents data loss and hardware damage. Procedures vary slightly by device type and operating system.

Locating the power button:

• Laptops: Top-right corner of keyboard area or along the side edge. Often marked with a circle and vertical line symbol (⏻).
• Desktops: Front panel of the tower (system unit) or on the monitor. Check for the power symbol.
• Tablets: Top edge or side (e.g., iPad: top button; Android: side).
• Smartphones: Side edge (e.g., iPhone: right side; Android: varies, often power + volume).

Step 1: Power on
Press the power button once briefly (1 second). Release it.

• Listen for fans spinning (desktops/laptops).
• Watch for lights: Power indicator glows; screen backlight turns on.
• Screen shows manufacturer logo, then login screen or home screen.

If the screen stays black after 30 seconds:

• Check power cable/charger is plugged in securely.
• Hold power button for 10 seconds to force off, wait 10 seconds, press again to turn on.
• For laptops/tablets/phones: Plug in charger first – look for charging light

Step 2: Shut down properly Always shut down this way to close apps and save the system state.

• Windows (laptops/desktops): Click Start button (bottom-left, Windows logo) > Power icon > Shut down. Or keyboard: Windows key + X > U > U.
• macOS (MacBooks/iMacs): Click Apple menu (top-left) > Shut Down. Confirm if prompted.
• Tablets/Smartphones:
  • iPad/iPhone (iOS/iPadOS): Press and hold top/side button + volume button until slider appears > slide to power off.
  • Android: Press and hold power button > select Power off (or Restart). Some have swipe-down menu: tap power icon > Power off.

Now it's your turn to practise powering on and off your device. Follow these steps exactly as described in the previous section. This builds muscle memory for safe use.

Step 1: Power on
Locate the power button based on your device type. Press it briefly (1 second) and release. Watch and listen: screen lights up, fans may spin, login screen appears.

Step 2: Log in
If prompted, enter your password or PIN. If no login, you'll see the desktop/home screen.

Step 3: Shut down safely
Use the proper method for your OS: Start > Power > Shut down (Windows); Apple menu > Shut Down (macOS); hold power button > slide or select Power off (iOS/Android).

Step 4: Repeat
Power on and shut down twice more. Each time, note how long it takes from button press to login screen.